Vehicles that re-enter earth’s atmosphere from space come in at very high speeds that are classified as hypersonic speeds. The speed may well exceed more than ten times the local speed of sound. Such high speed flows generate a shock in front of the re-entry vehicle which affects the heat flux on its surface. The heat flux on the surface of the re-entry vehicle is an extremely important design parameter, and an accurate prediction of this parameter is a critical task.

For more than 2 millennia, science has progressed primarily by experimental observations and development of theories. These two methods work perfectly in conjunction with one another in developing our understanding of the physical world around us. In the past few decades, a third significant methodology employing powerful computers and computational science for simulations has greatly added to our scientific capability and understanding.

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is a general-purpose numerical method that can be used to simulate a wide variety of problems. These problems range from astrophysics, incompressible and compressible fluid dynamics, to structural dynamics problems. SPH is a particle-based method and works by representing continuous fields using a collection of moving particles. The method does not depend on a fixed mesh and therefore works well for complex geometries, free-surface, and multi-physics problems.

India supports around 17.5% of the world’s population on a mere 2.4% of the Earth’s surface prone to global and regional climate change effects. Scientific research has largely focused on using models as inseparable components of climate studies. For a genuine understanding and realistic representation by which land surface processes influences climate, the role of land surface models (LSM) can never be overstated.

The road accident report (2014) published by the road transport and highways ministry, reports 6,672 deaths in accidents caused due to bad roads. Currently, road authorities manually monitor long stretches of roads at regular time intervals to ascertain the presence and locations of road anomalies. This is evidently a tedious process, which often leads to delayed road repairs, whose severity increases with time.

SAFE (Smart Authenticated Fast Exams) is a smart-phone app based system to conduct easy online-exams in proctored venues. Today, smart-phones or other electronic devices are explicitly disallowed in exam venues, due to the obvious possibilities of misuse for cheating. SAFE brings the smart-phone revolution into the exam hall.

Online repositories contain millions of 3D shapes, providing data for a wide range of data-driven 3D modeling interfaces. Such interfaces facilitate, accelerate and democratise computer-aided design and 3D content creation. By automatically learning design rules and structural principles from training data, these interfaces allow even novice and casual users to design complex and functional objects.

Many real world phenomena, like fluid flows, combustion, and garment drapes demonstrate astonishing complexity of structure, movement and appearance. Efficient and accurate simulation and animation of these play a crucial part in many applications ranging from scientific visualisation to advertising, from computer aided design to retail and from entertainment to medicine.

Our group’s research is motivated by the goal of creating intelligent agents, especially ones that can learn. In pursuit of this goal, we consider questions from a wide variety of topics. Central to our investigation is reinforcement learning (RL), which is a general paradigm for an agent, through trial and error, to discover actions that maximise its long-term gain. RL finds application in a variety of domains, including game-playing, stock-trading, medical decision-making, and environmental preservation.

Earth observation image data are mainly characterised by (i) Spatial resolution – the ability of the imaging sensor to focus on very small areas and thereby distinguish between closely spaced features, and (ii) Spectral resolution – ability to observe the targets in a number of narrow wavelength bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.

High spatial resolution images allow image analysis based on objects (regions) in terms of their shape, size, and spectral homogeneity, examples which can be seen below:

िहंदीशब्दमित्र(Hindi Shabdamitra) is an e-learning product meant for Hindi language teaching and learning.It uses Hindi Wordnet which is further augmented with audio-visual features, grammatical properties and is presented in a learner-friendly layered format.

Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) has two key components namely multi-scale modeling beginning with first principles and data informatics for better design of products. Both components are focused on shortercycle of product development and efficient use of materials and resources leading to lower cost of manufacturing.‘Integrated’ means integration of interdisciplinary technology to desired product via multi-scale  qmodeling. In the ‘bottom-up’ approach of ICME one starts from first principles, designs a material for a given application.

Reactivity initiated accident (RIA) or loss of coolant accident (LOCA) in a nuclear reactor may lead to sudden temperature rise. Accidents caused by RIA or LOCA condition may lead to a dynamic expansion of fuel pallets. This results into a multi-axial state of deformation caused by high thermal loading (1000 o Cs -1 ) in presence of extreme conditions of irradiation. Low temperature in early stage transient, metal-water reaction and accumulated irradiation in a high burn-up clad may also lead to a brittle failure.

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are amorphous alloys with enhanced properties such as high strength, large elastic strain, corrosion resistance, high fatigue and fracture toughness in comparison with their crystalline counterparts. This makes BMGs suitable for deployment in many applications. However, upon loading uniaxially beyond their yield point, most BMGs fail catastrophically, displaying very little plastic strain. This limits the use of BMGs in load bearing applications.

Patterns are ubiquitous in nature – such as the stripes on a cat or the dunes of sand on a beach. In many engineering materials, at length scales which can only be seen under a microscope, we often see patterns that form liked stripes or lamellar structures. In addition, many interesting shapes – such as, pyramids, cuboids, plates, and prisms – are often seen under the microscope.

Background

One of the major objectives of Science and Heritage Initiative (SandhI) at IIT Bombay is to create a large data-base of Sanskrit texts (to begin with that dealing with Science and Technology) in searchable format. To meet this end, we decided to resort to OCR techniques. Given the limitations of different tools available, some efforts were launched to synthesise the available tools and thereby increase efficiency of the process.

The problem

Asking relevant and intelligent questions has always been an integral part of human learning, as it can help assess user understanding of a piece of text (a comprehension, an article, etc.). However, forming questions manually has always been an arduous task. Automated question generation (QG) systems can help alleviate this problem by learning to generate questions and answers on a large scale and in lesser time. Such a system has many applications in a myriad of other areas such as FAQ generation, intelligent tutoring systems, and virtual assistants.

Optical character recognition (OCR) is the process of converting the document images into an editable electronic format. This has many advantages like data compression, enabling search or edit options in the images/text, and creating the database for other applications like machine translation, speech recognition, and enhancing dictionaries and language models. OCR in Indian Languages is quite challenging due to richness in inflections.

Surveillance cameras have emerged as very effective and important aspect of security and monitoring. Unfortunately however, they suffer from two serious challenges. First, their effectiveness in preventing a mishap is limited by the alertness levels of humans who are expected to monitor a grid of live feeds from many cameras 24X7. Since humans are not known for large attention spans, more often than not the mishap misses the eyes of the on-duty guards and the purpose is defeated. The recorded CCTV footages then at best serve to understand what happened, as a post-mortem analysis.

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) is a placement linked skill development scheme for rural poor youth by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD). It is an important component of the National Skill Development Policy. The DDU-GKY skilling ecosystem consists of MoRD; State missions; project implementing agencies or training partners; and technical support agencies. Both generic (soft skills, English and Information Technology) and trade-specific training is offered to youth at various training centers in partnership with the third-party training agencies.