Osteoarthritis is a progressive musculoskeletal degenerative disorder with clinical symptoms of joint pain characterised by the gradual loss of articular cartilage and inflammation of the joint. According to World Health Organisation statistics, about 9.6% of men and 18% of women aged over 60 years have symptomatic osteoarthritis and 80% of those with osteoarthritis will have mobility problems restricting them from performing major daily activities of life. In addition, injuries also lead to damage to the articular cartilage.

Over-active bladder is highly prevalent affecting around 15 million of the geriatric population in India. Despite its high rate of occurrence, it is predominantly under treated . Current treatment involves highly invasive and expensive submucosal intra-detrusor injection of Botulinum toxin through cystoscopy.Over 1.25 million patients in India have interstitial cystitis which causes intractable bladder pain and there are no treatments currently available for the same. The incidence of bladder cancer is also rising and shows high for Bladder Diseases recurrences.

Metastatic cancers and multi-drug resistant cancers are causes of high mortality globally. In developing countries like India, lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and oral cancers have high prevalence rates. Present chemotherapy is non-specific and suffers from many systemic side effects like bone marrow suppression.

Our current focus of studies is towards investigating the cellular level biophysical mechanisms in the bladder that give rise to different facets of bladder function such as bladder contractility, sensory transduction and control of bladder function via known neural pathways. Any deviation from the physiology that underlies bladder function results in urinary incontinence.

Many organic and inorganic nanosystems are being actively researched for their efficiency in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Among them, plasmonic nanostructures for photothermal therapy (PTT) gain considerable importance owing to the advent of two on-going PTT based clinical trials making use of gold nanoshells for the treatment of brain and metastatic lung tumors. These plasmonic nanostructures also serve as efficient candidates for imaging, and thereby bringing out their multifunctional capabilities.

A delivery of an affordable point-of-care critical care analyser completely tested on physiological controls and physiological and pathological samples which will be able to sense sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, glucose and urea, within a Turn-Around-Time (TAT) of 15-20 minutes. Our solution would impact hugely on patient’s disease management by reducing TAT and thus reducing the need for repeated tests. India’s headcount is 17.5% of world population and shares 20% of the global disease burden. 28% of population (urban) receives 66% of Healthcare.

With the growth of human population, industrialisation and urbanisation, the demand for safe drinking water continues to increase, and along with it, the problem of water pollution
has become a concern. It is estimated that contaminated water causes 30,000 deaths aroundthe world every day. Among the toxic contaminants released to our drinking water are non-

Recently, photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted tremendous attention because of its high efficacy in tumor ablation and minimal damage to normal tissues. A variety of organic photothermal agents have also emerged in recent years, aiming at replacing their inorganic counterparts, which usually are not biodegradable Among various cyanine derivatives, ICG is one of the most commonly employed medical imaging dyes and approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use on patients, which has been widely investigated for photothermal cancer therapy.

Emesis in general is natural defensive mechanism of the body to prevent the absorption of the noxious substances in the Gastro Intestinal tract by forceful expulsion of contents. National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Health explains the phenomenon, ‘Nausea is a subjective phenomenon of an unpleasant, wavelike sensation experienced in the back of the throat and/ or the epigastrium that may culminate in vomiting (emesis). Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum through the oral cavity.

Periprosthetic infection becomes a dilemma when the signs and symptoms that commonly coincide are absent, or when infection occurs in the immediate post-operative period when the usual biologic markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are still elevated from the surgical procedure. The use of interleukins has become

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder of joints, which has multi- factorial etiology. OA is the second most common rheumatological problem and is most frequent joint disease with prevalence of 22-39% in India. Injectable polymeric composite gel are synthesised with tailor-made polymeric nanoparticles to achieve both controlled release and thermo-responsive on application of a heat pad on the desired site. The main objective of the project is to develop an intra- articular drug delivery system for OA using a composite in situ gelling system.

Our research work focuses on indigenous development of low-cost bioresorbable medical bone screw for bone-soft tissue Fixation applications. There is a huge demand for orthopedic devices in India and worldwide. It is estimated that more than 100 million screws are used for bone or soft-tissue fixations per year globally.

To demonstrate proof-of-concept of bioresorbable bone screw prototype composed of novel composite biomaterial with advanced functionality:

The risk of chronic kidney disorder, preeclampsia and other diseases which affect the albumin and creatinine level can be detected at an earlier stage by estimating the albumin and creatinine ratio. According to many reports including WHO 2014, 8-10% of the world population is affected by kidney related diseases. In India, there are more than 10 million cases every year for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Preeclampsia is another life-threatening disorder that occurs during pregnancy (affecting 1 in 20 pregnancies), childbirth and postpartum period.It causes high blood pressure and a

Proteomics is the study of entire protein complement in a cell at a given time. It is a rapidly growing field, and is set to become an integral part of translational research. The implementation of proteomics in clinical research can lead to novel developments in the field of personalised medicine, biomarker discovery. This also provides mechanistic insights about disease occurrence and pathogenesis.

The Biosensors and Bioinstrumentation (BSBI, pronounced busybee) lab works on the development of sensors and instrumentation systems for widescale deployment. The sensors are mostly optical fiber based, although electrochemical sensors also form a part of the lab activities. These sensors and sensing platforms can be adapted to detect a wide variety of chemicals, be they biological or non-biological in origin.

Modern lifestyle is associated with high risk towards several diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular heart disease, PCOS and liver / kidney malfunction which are associated with metabolic syndrome arising due to sedentary life style and rich diet. Early diagnosis and lifestyle management is essential in preventing metabolic syndrome in the population.

Disinfection of drinking water, swimming pool water, and water used in washing food processing equipment, surgical instrument, food packaging, etc., is an important step from the health consideration. Variety of disinfectants such as chlorine, sodium hypochlorite and bleaching powder are used for this purpose. These generate free chlorine, which is a very effective biocide even at very low concentrations. However, when concentration of chlorine in water is high, it reacts with humic acids present, producing polychloro-derivatives which are potent carcinogens.

Graphene is a very active adsorbent due its polycyclic aromatic structure and hence can be used for removal of harmful pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, pesticides and antibiotics from water. It can be most conveniently used in the form of three dimensional graphene (3D graphene). For example, plugs of 3D-graphene (see figure) can be stacked into point-of-use water treatment devices. Key point of the technology is to produce 3D graphene with fully exfoliated single-sheets of graphene. Such a material has both very high surface area and activity.

■Membrane proteins comprise one third of the transcription products of human genome                                                                                                                                  ■Associated with diverse human diseases and key target for drug development                                                                                                                                            ■X-ray crystal structures of membrane proteins are scarce due to paucity of good quality crystals                                                                       

■ Pyranonaphthoquinones (PNQs) and imidazoles are highly bioactive compounds

■ PNQs have been synthesised through stereoselective organocatalytic reactions

■ Quinine-derived squaramide catalysed the asymmetric cascade reaction of hydroxynaphtho-quinone with α-acetoxymethylnitrostyrenes for the synthesis of PNQs

■ Functionalised imidazoles have been synthesised regioselectively from amidines and α-acetoxy/α-bromomethylnitrostyrenes

■ PNQs and imidazoles exhibited trypanocidal activity against Trypomastigote form of T. cruzi which causes Chagas disease