Flow assurance in waxy crude oil pipelines is challenging due to gelation at low temperatures. This study introduces a novel method for measuring gelation temperature using the evolution of normal force in a rheometer geometry. This new Non-Oscillatory Non-Rotary (NONR) method provides accurate and repeatable results without the need for gel movement. The results align well with existing methods, making it a reliable alternative.
Ensuring consistent flow in waxy crude oil pipelines is difficult due to the gelation of waxy crude oil under low-temperature conditions, requiring higher pressures to restart flow in gelled pipelines.
- The methodology measures gelation temperature using the evolution of normal force as a function of temperature in a rheometer.
- It avoids the influence of shear stress or shear rate, providing more precise measurements.
- It demonstrates good repeatability and accuracy for both model waxy oil and real crude oils.
- It is effective under static conditions without requiring gel movement
- It is applicable to other materials exhibiting thermal shrinkage during cooling
The prototype is under development.
The Non-Oscillatory Non-Rotary (NONR) method has been validated through experiments and comparison with existing methods, showing good agreement and repeatability. A prototype is currently being developed.
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Improving the accuracy of gelation temperature measurements can enhance the reliability and efficiency of crude oil transportation, reducing the risk of pipeline blockages and associated environmental hazards.
- Oil and gas exploration and production - particularly in flow assurance for subsea pipelines
- Research & development in rheology and materials science
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